The maximum bed temperature occurs toward the middle of this type of kiln and not at the discharge. The objectives were to estimate the peak bed temperature and compare this to measurements at the kiln exit. These observations were quantified using thermocouples, radiation pyrometers, and phase-change indicators. ![]() The visual observations used by the kiln operators to control the process are described. ![]() Gas and bed temperatures were studied in a 4.4 m by 12 m, co-current flow, slagging rotary kiln at a commercial hazardous waste incinerator. This paper presents a comparison of ISV and rotary kiln incineration for soils treatment in the areas of process performance, process residuals, process limitations, applicable or relevant and appropriate (ARARs) regulations, criteria and limitations, and costs. In situ vitrification (ISV), a technology that combines heat and immobilization, is one such innovative and relatively new technology. ![]() Public sentiment on an environmental issues and increasingly stringent environmental regulations has, over time, spurred design and development of more » innovative thermal treatment processes directed toward reducing harmful emissions and residuals that may require further treatment or disposal. Among them, conventional rotary kiln incineration, a disposal method for many years, is the most well established, and often serves as a barometer to gauge the relative success of similar technologies. Included in the thermal destruction category are treatment technologies such as rotary kiln incineration, fluidized bed incineration, infrared thermal treatment, wet air oxidation, pyrolytic incineration, and vitrification. In the hazardous waste community, the term thermal destruction' is a catchall phrase that broadly refers to high temperature destruction of hazardous contaminants. « lessĪuthors: Wentz, J A Spessard, J E Hessling, J Resch, M Mahannah, J Publication Date: Sun Apr 01 00:00: Research Org.: PEI Associates, Inc., Cincinnati, OH (United States) OSTI Identifier: 5715900 Report Number(s): AD-A-244873/6/XAB CNN: DAAA15-88-D-0001 Resource Type: Technical Report Country of Publication: United States Language: English Subject: 54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES 45 MILITARY TECHNOLOGY, WEAPONRY, AND NATIONAL DEFENSE TNT WASTE DISPOSAL WASTE PROCESSING COMBUSTION HAZARDOUS MATERIALS OXIDATION TECHNOLOGY UTILIZATION US DOD WASTE WATER CHEMICAL EXPLOSIVES CHEMICAL REACTIONS EXPLOSIVES HYDROGEN COMPOUNDS LIQUID WASTES MANAGEMENT MATERIALS NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS NITRO COMPOUNDS ORGANIC COMPOUNDS ORGANIC NITROGEN COMPOUNDS OXYGEN COMPOUNDS PROCESSING THERMOCHEMICAL PROCESSES US ORGANIZATIONS WASTE MANAGEMENT WASTES WATER 540320* - Environment, Aquatic- Chemicals Monitoring & Transport- (1990-) 450100 - Military Technology, Weaponry, & National Defense- Chemical Explosions & = , The submerged combustion process is similar to the slagging rotary kiln in that higher more » temperatures are maintained to melt the salts and to produce a slag that encapsulates the ash constituents and thus exhibits greater resistance to leaching. Incineration by slagging rotary kiln is a process in which wastes are incinerated in a rotary kiln at temperatures greater than those used in standard rotary kilns. Circulating bed combustion involves thermal treatment of wastes at temperatures between 8 C (14 F). Wet air oxidation involves oxidation with air or oxygen at temperatures between 175 and 327 C and pressures between 2,069 to 20,690 kilopascals. The secondary evaluation used several criteria and a point assessment scale to identify the following four processes for further evaluation: (1) Wet air oxidation (2) Circulating-bed combustion (3) Slagging rotary kiln and (4) Submerged combustion. After the preliminary evaluation, 14 technologies were identified for secondary evaluation. The preliminary evaluation used a decision tree to determine the potential of each process to provide a technically, economically, and environmentally acceptable method for disposing of waste products from the purification of crude TNT. ![]() Thirty technologies for treating red water were proposed for evaluation. Army is continuing their investigation of potential processes for treating or disposing of the process waste stream (red water) resulting from TNT production and purification.
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